WD 2 - 3000 - 055/19 (25. April 2019) © 2019 Deutscher Bundestag Die Wissenschaftlichen Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages unterstützen die Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages bei ihrer mandatsbezogenen Tätigkeit. Ihre Arbeiten geben nicht die Auffassung des Deutschen Bundestages, eines seiner Organe oder der Bundestagsverwaltung wieder. Vielmehr liegen sie in der fachlichen Verantwortung der Verfasserinnen und Verfasser sowie der Fachbereichsleitung. Arbeiten der Wissenschaftlichen Dienste geben nur den zum Zeitpunkt der Erstellung des Textes aktuellen Stand wieder und stellen eine individuelle Auftragsarbeit für einen Abgeordneten des Bundestages dar. Die Arbeiten können der Geheimschutzordnung des Bundestages unterliegende, geschützte oder andere nicht zur Veröffentlichung geeignete Informationen enthalten. Eine beabsichtigte Weitergabe oder Veröffentlichung ist vorab dem jeweiligen Fachbereich anzuzeigen und nur mit Angabe der Quelle zulässig. Der Fachbereich berät über die dabei zu berücksichtigenden Fragen. The following answers were given by two sections of the Research Service of the Deutscher Bundestag : questions 1 and 4-7 by Section WD 2, questions 2 and 3 by Section WD 6. 1. The responsibility for the proper planning and execution of any military exercise or operation lies with the commanding officer. He has to consider the relevant legal and the security-relevant regulations. In addition, each soldier is personally responsible for compliance with the safety and other relevant regulations. 2. & 3. With the implementation of Council Directive 89/391/EEC of 12 June 1989 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work through the Labour Protection Act, public administration was also brought within the scope of that Act. According to § 1 Arbeitsschutzgesetzt (ArbSchG), the law applies to all areas of activity. In particular , it also applies to civil servants, judges and soldiers (§ 2 (2) ArbSchG) and in public offices (§ 2 (5) ArbSchG). There is no distinction between employees in a private employment relationship (collective bargaining employees) and employees in a public service and loyalty relationship (civil servants, judges and soldiers). However § Section 20 ArbSchG provides for a special regulation regarding the application of occupational health and safety regulations for certain activities in the public sector. Exceptions to the Occupational Health and Safety Act are also possible in the area of the Federal Armed Forces and the Federal Armed Forces Administration. They can be laid down by ordinance at federal level and must specify as specifically as possible those activities for which exceptions to the Occupational Health and Safety Act are deemed necessary. The „Occupational Health and Safety Application Ordinance of the Federal Ministry of Defence“ (Bundesministerium der Verteidigung/BMVg-ArbSchGAnwV) refers to operational activities in direct operations, inter alia in the event of defence, natural disasters and serious accidents, in operational support activities to ensure the safety of operations, and in preparatory activities such as exercises and training. Wissenschaftliche Dienste Kurzinformation Military deaths in training and selection events Kurzinformation Military deaths in training and selection events Fachbereich WD 2: Auswärtiges, Völkerrecht, wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung, Verteidigung, Menschenrechte und humanitäre Hilfe Wissenschaftliche Dienste Seite 2 The monitoring of occupational health and safety is regulated in § 21 ArbSchG. Accordingly, monitoring is basically a state task. The competent authorities must monitor compliance with the Occupational Health and Safety Act and the statutory ordinances issued on the basis of the Act and advise employers on the fulfilment of their obligations. § 21 (5) ArbSchG stipulates that the „Central Office for Occupational Safety and Health at the Federal Ministry of the Interior" is the competent supervisory authority for the public service sector of the Federation. The Federal Executive Authority for Accident Insurance acts on its behalf. For the area of responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Defence, a separate body designated by the Ministry is entrusted with the implementation of the Act. 4. The „Central Office for Occupational Safety and Health of the Bundeswehr“ (Zentrale Stelle für Arbeitsschutz der Bundeswehr) is responsible for technical supervision of occupational safety throughout the entire Bundeswehr (domestic/foreign/operation). Monitoring compliance with occupational health and safety regulations and the implementation of measures to protect life and health are the state tasks of the supervisory authorities of the Bundeswehr. Within the framework of legal supervision, these tasks are performed by the supervisory authorities of the Bundeswehr without instructions. The Bundeswehr as a parliamentary army is subject to comprehensive control by the German Parliament (Deutscher Bundestag), in particular its Defence Committee (Verteidigungsausschuss) and the institution of the Bundestag's Commissioner for the Armed Forces (Wehrbeauftragter des Deutschen Bundestages). They have comprehensive information and control rights. 5. There is no special process for lessons learned. 6. See answer to question 5. 7. The relevant regulations apply to all German soldiers at home, abroad and in the field. ***